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export type ThumbnailContext = {
StudyInstanceUID?: string;
SeriesInstanceUID?: string;
SOPInstanceUID?: string;
};
type ThumbnailFetchRequestResult = {
url: string;
endpointPath: string;
headers: Record<string, string>;
};
type GetThumbnailSrcOptions = {
signal?: AbortSignal;
getImageSrc?: (imageId: unknown) => unknown;
};
type QidoClient = {
headers: HeadersInterface;
searchForInstances: (opts: unknown) => Promise<unknown[]>;
};
/**
* The subset of the data source's `retrieve` object the thumbnail strategies
* call back into for the directURL and bulkData-backed renderings.
*/
type RetrieveApi = {
directURL: (params: unknown) => unknown;
bulkDataURI: (params: unknown) => Promise<BlobPart>;
};
type ThumbnailConfig = {
thumbnailRendering?: string;
thumbnailRequestStrategy?: 'bulkDataRetrieve' | 'fetch';
wadoRoot?: string;
};
type GetGetThumbnailSrcDeps = {
thumbnailContext: ThumbnailContext;
imageId: unknown;
config: ThumbnailConfig;
getAuthorizationHeader: () => HeadersInterface;
qidoDicomWebClient: QidoClient;
retrieve: RetrieveApi;
};
/**
* Builds the `getThumbnailSrc` function for a given thumbnail context,
* selecting the strategy from `config.thumbnailRendering` /
* `config.thumbnailRequestStrategy`.
*
* Extracted from the DICOMweb data source so the thumbnail strategies live
* apart from the data source wiring. The `retrieve` dependency provides the
* `directURL` and `bulkDataURI` callbacks the data source used to reach via
* `this`.
*/
export function getGetThumbnailSrc({
thumbnailContext,
imageId,
config,
getAuthorizationHeader,
qidoDicomWebClient,
retrieve,
}: GetGetThumbnailSrcDeps) {
const thumbnailRendering = config.thumbnailRendering;
Iif (!thumbnailRendering) {
return function getThumbnailSrc() {
console.warn('thumbnailRendering is not configured; returning null thumbnail src.');
return null;
};
}
if (thumbnailRendering === 'wadors') {
return function getThumbnailSrc(options?: GetThumbnailSrcOptions) {
Iif (!imageId) {
return null;
}
Iif (!options?.getImageSrc) {
return null;
}
// Note: options.signal (Cornerstone-backed loadImageToCanvas via getImageSrc) does
// not currently expose an AbortSignal hook, so abort is not propagated to the
// underlying image load. We short-circuit only if already aborted at call time.
Iif (options?.signal?.aborted) {
return null;
}
return options.getImageSrc(imageId);
};
}
// thumbnailDirect is for plain <img src> URLs without auth headers; never use fetch here.
// No network call happens at this layer (the <img> element loads the URL later), so
// options.signal is not applicable here.
Iif (thumbnailRendering === 'thumbnailDirect') {
return function getThumbnailSrc() {
return retrieve.directURL({
instance: thumbnailContext,
defaultPath: '/thumbnail',
defaultType: 'image/jpeg',
singlepart: true,
tag: 'Absent',
});
};
}
const thumbnailRequestStrategy = config.thumbnailRequestStrategy || 'bulkDataRetrieve';
Iif (thumbnailRequestStrategy === 'fetch') {
return async function getThumbnailSrc(options?: { signal?: AbortSignal }) {
return fetchThumbnailWithQidoFallbackForSeries(
thumbnailContext,
thumbnailRendering,
config.wadoRoot,
getAuthorizationHeader,
qidoDicomWebClient,
options?.signal
);
};
}
Iif (thumbnailRendering === 'thumbnail') {
return async function getThumbnailSrc(options?: { signal?: AbortSignal }) {
// Note: this path goes through bulkDataURI -> dicomweb-client retrieveBulkData,
// which is XHR-based and does NOT honor AbortSignal. The underlying request will
// run to completion server-side even if signal aborts; we only short-circuit
// before kicking it off if already aborted.
Iif (options?.signal?.aborted) {
return null;
}
const endpoint = buildThumbnailEndpointPath(
thumbnailContext,
thumbnailRendering,
new URLSearchParams({ accept: 'image/jpeg' })
);
const bulkDataURI = `${config.wadoRoot}${endpoint}`;
return URL.createObjectURL(
new Blob(
[
await retrieve.bulkDataURI({
BulkDataURI: bulkDataURI.replace('wadors:', ''),
defaultType: 'image/jpeg',
mediaTypes: ['image/jpeg'],
thumbnail: true,
}),
],
{ type: 'image/jpeg' }
)
);
};
}
Iif (thumbnailRendering === 'rendered') {
return async function getThumbnailSrc(options?: { signal?: AbortSignal }) {
// Note: this path goes through bulkDataURI -> dicomweb-client retrieveBulkData,
// which is XHR-based and does NOT honor AbortSignal. The underlying request will
// run to completion server-side even if signal aborts; we only short-circuit
// before kicking it off if already aborted.
Iif (options?.signal?.aborted) {
return null;
}
const endpoint = buildThumbnailEndpointPath(
thumbnailContext,
thumbnailRendering,
new URLSearchParams({ accept: 'image/jpeg' })
);
const bulkDataURI = `${config.wadoRoot}${endpoint}`;
return URL.createObjectURL(
new Blob(
[
await retrieve.bulkDataURI({
BulkDataURI: bulkDataURI.replace('wadors:', ''),
defaultType: 'image/jpeg',
mediaTypes: ['image/jpeg'],
thumbnail: true,
}),
],
{ type: 'image/jpeg' }
)
);
};
}
return function getThumbnailSrc() {
console.warn(
`Unsupported thumbnailRendering "${thumbnailRendering}"; returning null thumbnail src.`
);
return null;
};
}
function buildThumbnailEndpointPath(
thumbnailContext: ThumbnailContext,
thumbnailRendering: string,
queryParams?: URLSearchParams
): string {
const { StudyInstanceUID, SeriesInstanceUID, SOPInstanceUID } = thumbnailContext;
const basePath =
SeriesInstanceUID && SOPInstanceUID
? `/studies/${StudyInstanceUID}/series/${SeriesInstanceUID}/instances/${SOPInstanceUID}/${thumbnailRendering}`
: SeriesInstanceUID
? `/studies/${StudyInstanceUID}/series/${SeriesInstanceUID}/${thumbnailRendering}`
: `/studies/${StudyInstanceUID}/${thumbnailRendering}`;
Iif (!queryParams) {
return basePath;
}
const queryString = queryParams.toString();
return queryString ? `${basePath}?${queryString}` : basePath;
}
function getThumbnailFetchRequest(
thumbnailContext: ThumbnailContext,
thumbnailRendering: string,
wadoRoot: string | undefined,
getAuthorizationHeader: () => HeadersInterface
): ThumbnailFetchRequestResult {
const endpointPath = buildThumbnailEndpointPath(
thumbnailContext,
thumbnailRendering,
// Thumbnails for some data source (e.g. dcm4chee) are pixelated by default, so we need to set the viewport to 256,256 to get a better thumbnail.
new URLSearchParams({ viewport: '256,256' })
);
const headers: Record<string, string> = {
...(getAuthorizationHeader() as Record<string, string>),
Accept: 'image/jpeg',
};
return {
url: `${wadoRoot}${endpointPath}`,
endpointPath,
headers,
};
}
async function fetchThumbnailObjectURL(
thumbnailContext: ThumbnailContext,
thumbnailRendering: string,
wadoRoot: string | undefined,
getAuthorizationHeader: () => HeadersInterface,
signal?: AbortSignal
): Promise<string | null> {
const fetchRequest = getThumbnailFetchRequest(
thumbnailContext,
thumbnailRendering,
wadoRoot,
getAuthorizationHeader
);
try {
const response = await fetch(fetchRequest.url, {
method: 'GET',
headers: fetchRequest.headers,
signal,
});
Iif (!response.ok) {
console.warn(
`thumbnail fetch failed with status ${response.status} for ${fetchRequest.endpointPath}`
);
return null;
}
const blob = await response.blob();
return URL.createObjectURL(blob);
} catch (error) {
Iif ((error as { name?: string })?.name === 'AbortError') {
return null;
}
console.warn('thumbnail fetch failed', error);
return null;
}
}
/**
* When thumbnailRequestStrategy is fetch: try WADO GET for the given context; if it fails and the
* context is series-level (no SOPInstanceUID), QIDO one instance and retry fetch once.
*/
async function fetchThumbnailWithQidoFallbackForSeries(
thumbnailContext: ThumbnailContext,
thumbnailRendering: string,
wadoRoot: string | undefined,
getAuthorizationHeader: () => HeadersInterface,
qidoClient: QidoClient,
signal?: AbortSignal
): Promise<string | null> {
const sopInstanceUidTag = '00080018';
const initialThumbnailUrl = await fetchThumbnailObjectURL(
thumbnailContext,
thumbnailRendering,
wadoRoot,
getAuthorizationHeader,
signal
);
Iif (initialThumbnailUrl) {
return initialThumbnailUrl;
}
Iif (signal?.aborted) {
return null;
}
Iif (thumbnailContext.SOPInstanceUID) {
return null;
}
Iif (!thumbnailContext.StudyInstanceUID || !thumbnailContext.SeriesInstanceUID) {
return null;
}
try {
qidoClient.headers = getAuthorizationHeader();
// Note: qidoClient.searchForInstances is XHR-based (dicomweb-client) and does not honor
// AbortSignal. If signal aborts mid-request the network call still completes; we just
// short-circuit before issuing a follow-up fetch below.
const instances = await qidoClient.searchForInstances({
studyInstanceUID: thumbnailContext.StudyInstanceUID,
seriesInstanceUID: thumbnailContext.SeriesInstanceUID,
queryParams: {
limit: 1,
includefield: sopInstanceUidTag,
},
});
Iif (signal?.aborted) {
return null;
}
const firstInstance = instances?.[0] as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
const sopAttr = firstInstance?.[sopInstanceUidTag] as { Value?: string[] } | undefined;
const sopValues = sopAttr?.Value;
const SOPInstanceUID =
Array.isArray(sopValues) && sopValues.length ? String(sopValues[0]) : undefined;
Iif (!SOPInstanceUID) {
return null;
}
return fetchThumbnailObjectURL(
{ ...thumbnailContext, SOPInstanceUID },
thumbnailRendering,
wadoRoot,
getAuthorizationHeader,
signal
);
} catch (error) {
console.warn('thumbnail fetch QIDO fallback failed', error);
return null;
}
}
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